Cancer: When Growth Goes Rogue
Wnt dysregulation is a hallmark of cancers, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Mutations in APC or β-catenin genes cause uncontrolled cell division. For example, 80% of CRC cases involve APC mutations . Prostate cancer, however, bypasses mutations, relying on crosstalk with androgen receptors .
Table 2: Wnt in Cancer
Cancer Type | Key Wnt Component | Therapeutic Approach |
---|---|---|
Colorectal | APC mutations | Porcupine inhibitors (e.g., LGK974) |
Prostate | β-catenin-AR interaction | Anti-androgens + Wnt blockers |
Liver (HCC) | OIP5-AS1 lncRNA | miRNA-300 mimics |
Cardiovascular Diseases: A Balancing Act
In atherosclerosis, Wnt5a disrupts cholesterol metabolism, while β-catenin activation worsens arterial stiffening . Conversely, boosting Wnt/β-catenin post-heart attack may aid repair by reducing inflammation .
Neurodegeneration: Lost Connections
Alzheimer’s patients show reduced Wnt activity, leading to amyloid plaque buildup. Enhancing Wnt/β-catenin could protect synapses . In Parkinson’s, Wnt agonists are being tested to rescue dopamine neurons .
Fibrosis: The Scarring Scourge
Overactive Wnt/β-catenin drives kidney and lung fibrosis. Inhibitors like ICG-001 (targeting β-catenin/CBP) reduce collagen deposition in preclinical models .
Table 3: Wnt in Non-Cancer Diseases
Disease | Mechanism | Therapeutic Candidate |
---|---|---|
Alzheimer’s | Downregulated Wnt | Lithium (GSK-3β inhibitor) |
Pulmonary Fibrosis | LRP6 activation | DKK1 (LRP6 blocker) |
Osteoporosis | Sclerostin overexpression | Romosozumab (anti-sclerostin) |
Therapeutic Strategies: Taming the Wnt Beast
Small Molecules:
Antibodies:
Gene Therapy:
Table 4: Wnt-Targeting Drugs in Clinical Trials
Drug Name | Target | Phase | Condition |
---|---|---|---|
LGK974 | Porcupine | II | Colorectal cancer |
CBP/β-catenin inhibitor (ICG-001) | β-catenin/CBP | Preclinical | Fibrosis, endometriosis |
Romosozumab | Sclerostin | Approved | Osteoporosis |
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